tachtler:archlinux_-_minimal_server_installation_-_mit_lvm_und_btrfs
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| tachtler:archlinux_-_minimal_server_installation_-_mit_lvm_und_btrfs [2020/12/09 04:42] – [Btrfs: Subvolumes und Mount-Points mounten] klaus | tachtler:archlinux_-_minimal_server_installation_-_mit_lvm_und_btrfs [Unbekanntes Datum] (aktuell) – gelöscht - Externe Bearbeitung (Unbekanntes Datum) 127.0.0.1 | ||
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| - | ====== ArchLinux - Minimal Server Installation - mit LVM und Btrfs ====== | ||
| - | |||
| - | | Mein besonderer Dank gilt hier an dieser Stelle [[http:// | ||
| - | | ||
| - | [[tachtler: | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[tachtler: | ||
| - | |||
| - | ^ Beschreibung | ||
| - | | Homepage | ||
| - | | Herunterladen | ||
| - | | Dokumentation | ||
| - | | Installation | ||
| - | | - LVM | [[https:// | ||
| - | | - Btrfs | [[https:// | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Herunterladen ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Die Installationsquellen, | ||
| - | * **[[https:// | ||
| - | Als Beispiel-Quelle kann hier nachfolgender Link dienen: | ||
| - | * **[[https:// | ||
| - | |||
| - | Zum Herunterladen der DVD in das Zielverzeichnis **''/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | # wget https:// | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== USB-Stick erstellen ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Das ISO-Image kann mit nachfolgendem Befehl auf einen **USB-Stick** - **hier ''/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | # dd bs=4M if=/ | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Start: ISO-Image ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nach dem Einschalten des Servers, kann mit der Installation begonnen werden, in dem ein Start von dem sich auf dem USB-Stick befindlichen [[https:// | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== BOOT ==== | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Falls dies erfolgreich realisiert werden konnte, sollte in etwa nachfolgender Bildschirm erscheinen: | ||
| - | |||
| - | {{: | ||
| - | |||
| - | Durch drücken der **[Eingabe|Return]**-Taste auf dem Menüpunkt **Boot Arch Linux (x86_64)** wird ein **initialer Start** durchgeführt. Nach erfolgreichem Start des **" | ||
| - | |||
| - | {{: | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **HINWEIS** - **Eine __Anmeldung__ als Benutzer '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Vorbereitungen ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Um die folgenden Installationsschritte durchführen zu können, werden nachfolgende Gegebenheiten vorausgesetzt. | ||
| - | - Es **__muss__ eine Anbindung an das Internet** vorhanden bzw. konfigurierbar sein. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Tastaturlayout: | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **ACHTUNG** - **Nach dem starten des ISO-Images wird ein __US/ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Damit alle nachfolgenden Eingaben unter Verwendung eines **deutschen Tastaturlayouts** durchgeführt werden können, ist nachfolgender Befehl auszuführen: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # loadkeys de-latin1-nodeadkeys | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | *¹ //Der Buchstabe **'' | ||
| - | *² //Das Zeichen **'' | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **HINWEIS** - Anschließend sollte ein **deutsches Tastaturlayout** geladen sein! | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Passwort: root ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Damit **__später__** nachfolgende Konfigurationen durchgeführt werden können, soll eine Verbindung via **SSH** hergestellt werden. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Dazu ist es erforderlich, | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # passwd | ||
| - | New password | ||
| - | Retype new password: | ||
| - | passwd: password updated successfully | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Das Passwort ist in der '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Netzwerkkarte: | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Befehle sollen eine Verbindung mit **einem bestehenden Netzwerk mit Internet-Zugang** herstellen. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Zuerst sollte die **Bezeichnung** der Netzwerkkarte mit nachfolgendem Befehl ermittelt werden: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # ip a | ||
| - | 1: lo: < | ||
| - | link/ | ||
| - | inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo | ||
| - | | ||
| - | inet6 ::1/128 scope host | ||
| - | | ||
| - | 2: ens3: < | ||
| - | link/ether 52: | ||
| - | inet6 fe80:: | ||
| - | | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Die Bezeichnung der Netzwerkkarte in oben gezeigtem Beispiel lautet aktuell: **ens3**. In der gleichen Zeile ist auch zu sehen, dass die Karte bereits den Status **'' | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **HINWEIS** - Falls die Netzwerkkarte **__nicht__** **'' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # ip link set up dev ens3 | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Die Zuweisung einer **IPv4**-Netzwerkadresse kann mit nachfolgendem Befehl durchgeführt werden: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # ip addr add 192.168.1.250/ | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Ein Überprüfung, | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # ip a | ||
| - | 1: lo: < | ||
| - | link/ | ||
| - | inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo | ||
| - | | ||
| - | inet6 ::1/128 scope host | ||
| - | | ||
| - | 2: ens3: < | ||
| - | link/ether 52: | ||
| - | inet 192.168.1.250/ | ||
| - | | ||
| - | inet6 fe80:: | ||
| - | | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Damit nun eine Verbindung nicht nur in das bereits aktuelle erreichbare Netzwerk möglich ist, sondern auch eine **Standardroute - '' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # ip route add default via 192.168.1.10 | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Eine Überprüfung mit nachfolgendem Befehl zeigt nun die aktuellen Routen, inklusive der **'' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # ip ro | ||
| - | default via 192.168.1.10 dev ens3 | ||
| - | 192.168.1.0/ | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Ob die Verbindung zum Internet hergestellt wurde, kann mit nachfolgendem Test durch den nachfolgenden Befehl durchgeführt werden. Drei **'' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # ping -c3 8.8.8.8 | ||
| - | PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 56(84) bytes of data. | ||
| - | 64 bytes from 8.8.8.8 icmp_seq=1 ttl=57 time=82.4 ms | ||
| - | 64 bytes from 8.8.8.8 icmp_seq=2 ttl=57 time=95.3 ms | ||
| - | 64 bytes from 8.8.8.8 icmp_seq=3 ttl=57 time=113 ms | ||
| - | |||
| - | --- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics --- | ||
| - | 3 packets transmitted, | ||
| - | rtt min/ | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Namensauflösung: | ||
| - | |||
| - | Damit nicht nur der Netzwerk technische Zugriff auf das Internet möglich ist, sondern auch eine Namensauflösung wie z.B. [[https:// | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # echo ' | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **HINWEIS** - Falls kein eigener Namensserver zur Verfügung stehen sollte, wäre auch extern erreichbare Nameserverer, | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # echo ' | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # echo ' | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Mit nachfolgendem Befehl kann überprüft werden, ob die Ergänzung der Konfigurationsdatei ''/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # cat / | ||
| - | # Resolver configuration file. | ||
| - | # See resolv.conf(5) for details. | ||
| - | nameserver 192.168.1.20 | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Ob die Namensauflösung Richtung Internet hergestellt wurde, kann mit nachfolgendem Test durch den nachfolgenden Befehl durchgeführt werden. Drei **'' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # ping -c3 google.de | ||
| - | PING google.de (172.217.23.35) 56(84) bytes of data. | ||
| - | 64 bytes from lhr35s02-in-f3.1e100.net (172.217.23.35): | ||
| - | 64 bytes from lhr35s02-in-f3.1e100.net (172.217.23.35): | ||
| - | 64 bytes from lhr35s02-in-f3.1e100.net (172.217.23.35): | ||
| - | |||
| - | --- google.de ping statistics --- | ||
| - | 3 packets transmitted, | ||
| - | rtt min/ | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== SSH-Dienst: starten ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Damit eine Verbindung zum Server, welcher via **" | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # systemctl start sshd.service | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Eine Überprüfung ob der **SSH**-Dienst/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # systemctl status sshd.service | ||
| - | ● sshd.service - OpenSSH Daemon | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Main PID: 771 (sshd) | ||
| - | Tasks: 1 (limit: 2312) | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | |||
| - | Dec 06 11:29:44 archiso systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH Daemon. | ||
| - | Dec 06 11:29:44 archiso sshd[771]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22. | ||
| - | Dec 06 11:29:44 archiso sshd[771]: Server listening on :: port 22. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Verbindung: SSH-Login (root) ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Jetzt kann eine erste Verbindung als Benutzer **'' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | $ ssh root@192.168.1.250 | ||
| - | The authenticity of host ' | ||
| - | ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256: | ||
| - | Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/ | ||
| - | Warning: Permanently added ' | ||
| - | root@192.168.1.250' | ||
| - | To install Arch Linux follow the installation guide: | ||
| - | https:// | ||
| - | |||
| - | For Wi-Fi, authenticate to the wireless network using the iwctl utility. | ||
| - | Ethernet and Wi-Fi connections using DHCP should work automatically. | ||
| - | |||
| - | After connecting to the internet, the installation guide can be accessed | ||
| - | via the convenience script Installation_guide. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Last login: Sun Dec 6 11:09:11 2020 | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Partitionierung: | ||
| - | |||
| - | Damit nun nach dem Start des sich auf dem USB-Stick befindlichen [[https:// | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **HINWEIS** - **Es gibt __keinen__ Installationsmanager wie bei anderen Distributionen, | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgend soll eine Partitionierung der Festplatte unter Einsatz eines **LVM** eingerichtet werden. Die Partitionierung soll hier **beispielhaft** mit nachfolgender Festplattenaufteilung durchgeführt werden | ||
| - | |||
| - | ^ Phyische Festplatte/ | ||
| - | ^ ''/ | ||
| - | ^ ''/ | ||
| - | | ''/ | ||
| - | | ''/ | ||
| - | | ''/ | ||
| - | | ''/ | ||
| - | | ''/ | ||
| - | | ''/ | ||
| - | | - subvolume | ||
| - | | - subvolume | ||
| - | | - subvolume | ||
| - | | **- subvolume** | ||
| - | | - mount-point | ||
| - | | - mount-point | ||
| - | ^ **SUMME** | ||
| - | |||
| - | Damit die noch unformatiert Festplatte partitioniert werden kann, soll dies mit Unterstützung des Befehl **'' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgender Befehl listet die aktuelle, noch leere Festplattenkapazitäten auf: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # fdisk -l | grep -i 'Disk / | ||
| - | Disk /dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Schritt 1: fdisk Interaktiver-Modus ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **ACHTUNG** - **Die Befehle bitte mit __großer Sorgfalt ausführen__, | ||
| - | :!: **ACHTUNG** - **Bitte darauf achten, __nicht__ versehentlich eine andere Festplatte zu formatieren !!!** | ||
| - | |||
| - | Mit nachfolgenden Befehlen, wird die **Festplatte /dev/vda** in Bearbeitung genommen, um diese dann zu partitionieren: | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **ACHTUNG** -**Hier ist dies '' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # fdisk /dev/vda | ||
| - | |||
| - | Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.1). | ||
| - | Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. | ||
| - | Be careful before using the write command. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Device does not contain a recognized partition table. | ||
| - | Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x8b05dfcd. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Command (m for help): | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Schritt 2: Eine einzige Partition anlegen ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Durch nachfolgende Befehle wird eine | ||
| - | * **neue " | ||
| - | * **mit der Nummer 1** | ||
| - | * in der **Größe der gesammten Festplatte** angelegt: | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Tasten sind wie folgt zu drücken: | ||
| - | - **'' | ||
| - | - **'' | ||
| - | - **'' | ||
| - | - **'' | ||
| - | - **'' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | Command (m for help): n | ||
| - | Partition type | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Select (default p): p | ||
| - | Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 | ||
| - | First sector (2048-104857599, | ||
| - | Last sector, +/-sectors or +/ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Created a new partition 1 of type ' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Command (m for help): | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Schritt 3: Typ der einzigen Partition ändern ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Anschließend muss der **Partitionstyp** bei der **einzigen Partition** auf **Linux LVM** mit nachfolgenden Befehlen angepasst werden: | ||
| - | - **'' | ||
| - | - **'' | ||
| - | - **'' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | Command (m for help): t | ||
| - | Selected partition 1 | ||
| - | Hex code or alias (type L to list all): 8e | ||
| - | Changed type of partition ' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Command (m for help): | ||
| - | |||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Abschließend kann durch drücken der Taste **'' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | Command (m for help): p | ||
| - | Disk /dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors | ||
| - | Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes | ||
| - | Sector size (logical/ | ||
| - | I/O size (minimum/ | ||
| - | Disklabel type: dos | ||
| - | Disk identifier: 0x2a781ab0 | ||
| - | |||
| - | Device | ||
| - | / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Command (m for help): | ||
| - | |||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Schritt 4: Partitionstabelle schreiben ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Anschließend ist nun die Taste | ||
| - | - **'' | ||
| - | zu drücken, um die Änderung auch tatsächlich in die **Partitionstabelle** der **Festplatte** zu schreiben: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | Command (m for help): w | ||
| - | The partition table has been altered. | ||
| - | Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. | ||
| - | Syncing disks. | ||
| - | |||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== LVM ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgend sollen nun die einzelnen **Mount-Points** auf den zuvor angelegten **Partitionen** erstellt und formatiert werden. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Schritt 1: Physische Volume anlegen ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Anlegen eines **physischen Volume** zur Nutzung durch ein LVM mit nachfolgendem Befehl: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # pvcreate /dev/vda1 | ||
| - | Physical volume "/ | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Schritt 2: Volume Gruppe anlegen ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Anlegen einer **Volume Gruppe** mit dem Namen '' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # vgcreate archlinux /dev/vda1 | ||
| - | Volume group " | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Schritt 3: Logische Volumes anlegen ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Befehle legen die **logischen Volumes** | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | an: | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # lvcreate --name swap -L1024M archlinux | ||
| - | Logical volume " | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # lvcreate --name tmp -L1024M archlinux | ||
| - | Logical volume " | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # lvcreate --name home -L1024M archlinux | ||
| - | Logical volume " | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # lvcreate --name var_log -L3072M archlinux | ||
| - | Logical volume " | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # lvcreate --name var_pkg -L12288M archlinux | ||
| - | Logical volume " | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # lvcreate --name root -L30720M archlinux | ||
| - | Logical volume " | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Mit nachfolgendem Befehl kann überprüft werden, ob die Neuanlagen erfolgreich durchführt wurden: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # lsblk /dev/vda | ||
| - | NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT | ||
| - | vda | ||
| - | └─vda1 | ||
| - | ├─archlinux-swap | ||
| - | ├─archlinux-tmp | ||
| - | ├─archlinux-home | ||
| - | ├─archlinux-var_log 252:3 0 | ||
| - | ├─archlinux-var_pkg 252:4 0 12G 0 lvm | ||
| - | └─archlinux-root | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Dateisysteme formatieren ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Befehle formatieren die zuvor erstellen **Partitionen** | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | mit einem Dateisystem, | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Befehle formatieren die zuvor erstellen **Partition: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mkswap -L SWAP / | ||
| - | Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1024 MiB (1073737728 bytes) | ||
| - | LABEL=SWAP, UUID=b76e9dd3-ffc3-483d-8e2b-fd397bf7c4a8 | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Befehle formatieren die zuvor erstellen **Partition: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mkfs.btrfs -L TMP / | ||
| - | btrfs-progs v5.9 | ||
| - | See http:// | ||
| - | |||
| - | Label: | ||
| - | UUID: | ||
| - | Node size: 16384 | ||
| - | Sector size: 4096 | ||
| - | Filesystem size: 1.00GiB | ||
| - | Block group profiles: | ||
| - | Data: | ||
| - | Metadata: | ||
| - | System: | ||
| - | SSD detected: | ||
| - | Incompat features: | ||
| - | Runtime features: | ||
| - | Checksum: | ||
| - | Number of devices: | ||
| - | Devices: | ||
| - | | ||
| - | 1 | ||
| - | |||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Befehle formatieren die zuvor erstellen **Partition: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mkfs.btrfs -L HOME / | ||
| - | btrfs-progs v5.9 | ||
| - | See http:// | ||
| - | |||
| - | Label: | ||
| - | UUID: | ||
| - | Node size: 16384 | ||
| - | Sector size: 4096 | ||
| - | Filesystem size: 1.00GiB | ||
| - | Block group profiles: | ||
| - | Data: | ||
| - | Metadata: | ||
| - | System: | ||
| - | SSD detected: | ||
| - | Incompat features: | ||
| - | Runtime features: | ||
| - | Checksum: | ||
| - | Number of devices: | ||
| - | Devices: | ||
| - | | ||
| - | 1 | ||
| - | |||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Befehle formatieren die zuvor erstellen **Partition: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mkfs.btrfs -L VAR_LOG / | ||
| - | btrfs-progs v5.9 | ||
| - | See http:// | ||
| - | |||
| - | Label: | ||
| - | UUID: | ||
| - | Node size: 16384 | ||
| - | Sector size: 4096 | ||
| - | Filesystem size: 3.00GiB | ||
| - | Block group profiles: | ||
| - | Data: | ||
| - | Metadata: | ||
| - | System: | ||
| - | SSD detected: | ||
| - | Incompat features: | ||
| - | Runtime features: | ||
| - | Checksum: | ||
| - | Number of devices: | ||
| - | Devices: | ||
| - | | ||
| - | 1 | ||
| - | |||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Befehle formatieren die zuvor erstellen **Partition: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mkfs.btrfs -L VAR_PKG / | ||
| - | btrfs-progs v5.9 | ||
| - | See http:// | ||
| - | |||
| - | Label: | ||
| - | UUID: | ||
| - | Node size: 16384 | ||
| - | Sector size: 4096 | ||
| - | Filesystem size: 12.00GiB | ||
| - | Block group profiles: | ||
| - | Data: | ||
| - | Metadata: | ||
| - | System: | ||
| - | SSD detected: | ||
| - | Incompat features: | ||
| - | Runtime features: | ||
| - | Checksum: | ||
| - | Number of devices: | ||
| - | Devices: | ||
| - | | ||
| - | 1 12.00GiB | ||
| - | |||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Befehle formatieren die zuvor erstellen **Partition: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mkfs.btrfs -L ROOT / | ||
| - | btrfs-progs v5.9 | ||
| - | See http:// | ||
| - | |||
| - | Label: | ||
| - | UUID: | ||
| - | Node size: 16384 | ||
| - | Sector size: 4096 | ||
| - | Filesystem size: 30.00GiB | ||
| - | Block group profiles: | ||
| - | Data: | ||
| - | Metadata: | ||
| - | System: | ||
| - | SSD detected: | ||
| - | Incompat features: | ||
| - | Runtime features: | ||
| - | Checksum: | ||
| - | Number of devices: | ||
| - | Devices: | ||
| - | | ||
| - | 1 30.00GiB | ||
| - | |||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Dateisysteme einhängen ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgend müssen nun alle Partitionen | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | und die subvolumes | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * **''/ | ||
| - | und die zusätzlichen **" | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | unter den entsprechenden **" | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Bevor nun die einzelnen **Btrfs: Partitionen, | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | ge**mount**et werden: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mount / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Btrfs: subvolumes anlegen ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Befehle erzeugen nun die einzelnen **Btrfs: Subvolumes**: | ||
| - | |||
| - | === /mnt/root === | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@root | ||
| - | Create subvolume '/ | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === /mnt/tmp === | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@tmp | ||
| - | Create subvolume '/ | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === /mnt/home === | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@home | ||
| - | Create subvolume '/ | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # btrfs subvolume create / | ||
| - | Create subvolume '/ | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # btrfs subvolume create / | ||
| - | Create subvolume '/ | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === /mnt/srv === | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@srv | ||
| - | Create subvolume '/ | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === /mnt/opt === | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@opt | ||
| - | Create subvolume '/ | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # btrfs subvolume create / | ||
| - | Create subvolume '/ | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # btrfs subvolume create / | ||
| - | Create subvolume '/ | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== umount: /mnt ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Als nächstes wird das Verzeichnis **''/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # umount /mnt | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Btrfs: Subvolume /@root mounten ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Befehle **mount**et zuerst das **ROOT** **Btrfs: Subvolume**: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mount -o relatime, | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **WICHTIG** - **Bevor alle anderen Subvolumes gemountet werden können, müssen die Verzeichnisse dafür erst unter ''/ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Mount-Points erstellen ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgender Befehl legt die noch benötigten Verzeichnisse an, auf denen die **Btrfs: Subvolumes** dann gemountet werden können: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mkdir -p / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **HINWEIS** - **Das Btrfs: Subvolume '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Btrfs: Subvolumes und Mount-Points mounten ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Befehle **mount**en die restlichen **Btrfs: Subvolume**: | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mount -o relatime, | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mount -o relatime, | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mount -o relatime, | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mount -o relatime, | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === /mnt/srv === | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mount -o relatime, | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === /mnt/opt === | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mount -o relatime, | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === / | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mount -o relatime, | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | === /mnt/btrfs === | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **ACHTUNG** - **Bitte die Angabe '' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mount -o relatime, | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **HINWEIS** - **/mnt/boot wird nicht auf ein separates Subvolume gemounted, damit bei Kernel-Updates die dazu passende '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== swap: SWAP aktivieren ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Befehle **aktiviert** noch die **SWAP** Partition: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # swapon / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Überprüfung: | ||
| - | |||
| - | Ob vorhergehende Konfigurationen auch korrekt durchgeführt wurden, kann mit nachfolgenden Befehlen überprüft werden: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # mount | grep /mnt | ||
| - | / | ||
| - | / | ||
| - | / | ||
| - | / | ||
| - | / | ||
| - | / | ||
| - | / | ||
| - | / | ||
| - | / | ||
| - | / | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | bzw. für die Partitionen | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # lsblk /dev/vda | ||
| - | NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT | ||
| - | vda | ||
| - | └─vda1 | ||
| - | ├─archlinux-swap | ||
| - | ├─archlinux-tmp | ||
| - | ├─archlinux-home | ||
| - | ├─archlinux-var_log 252:3 0 | ||
| - | ├─archlinux-var_pkg 252:4 0 12G 0 lvm / | ||
| - | └─archlinux-root | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Für die Aktivierung der **SWAP** Partition: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # free -h | ||
| - | total used free shared | ||
| - | Mem: 1.9Gi 93Mi | ||
| - | Swap: | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Installation: | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Bevor die eigentliche Installation des **Basissystems** erfolgen kann, soll noch eine länderspezifische Auswahl der Installationsquellen getroffen werden, damit die Installation über das Internet möglichst von regionalen Servern, hier aus Deutschland, | ||
| - | |||
| - | Dazu ist die Optimierung der Konfigurationsdatei | ||
| - | * **''/ | ||
| - | erforderlich. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Um nur die regionalen Server, hier nur aus Deutschland, | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # reflector --verbose --country Germany -l 200 -p https --sort rate --save / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # reflector --verbose --country Germany -l 200 -p https --sort rate --save / | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:39] INFO: rating https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: Server | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | [2020-12-06 14:50:43] INFO: https:// | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Der so generierte Inhalt der Konfigurationsdatei ''/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # cat / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # cat / | ||
| - | ################################################################################ | ||
| - | ################# | ||
| - | ################################################################################ | ||
| - | |||
| - | # With: | ||
| - | # When: | ||
| - | # From: | ||
| - | # Retrieved: | ||
| - | # Last Check: 2020-12-06 14:47:04 UTC | ||
| - | |||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | Server = https:// | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Basissystem: | ||
| - | |||
| - | Der folgende Befehl führt nun die Installation von [[https:// | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux-lts linux-firmware lvm2 openssh sshpass vi vim btrfs-progs | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **WICHTIG** - **Das Paket '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux-lts linux-firmware lvm2 openssh sshpass vi vim btrfs-progs | ||
| - | ==> Creating install root at /mnt | ||
| - | ==> Installing packages to /mnt | ||
| - | :: Synchronizing package databases... | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | :: There are 24 members in group base-devel: | ||
| - | :: Repository core | ||
| - | 1) autoconf | ||
| - | 7) findutils | ||
| - | 14) gzip 15) libtool | ||
| - | 21) sed 22) sudo 23) texinfo | ||
| - | |||
| - | Enter a selection (default=all): | ||
| - | resolving dependencies... | ||
| - | :: There are 2 providers available for initramfs: | ||
| - | :: Repository core | ||
| - | 1) mkinitcpio | ||
| - | :: Repository extra | ||
| - | 2) dracut | ||
| - | |||
| - | Enter a number (default=1): | ||
| - | looking for conflicting packages... | ||
| - | |||
| - | Packages (151) acl-2.2.53-3 | ||
| - | | ||
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| - | |||
| - | Total Download Size: 398.58 MiB | ||
| - | Total Installed Size: 1539.80 MiB | ||
| - | |||
| - | :: Proceed with installation? | ||
| - | :: Retrieving packages... | ||
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| - | (151/151) checking keys in keyring | ||
| - | (151/151) checking package integrity | ||
| - | (151/151) loading package files [###################### | ||
| - | (151/151) checking for file conflicts | ||
| - | (151/151) checking available disk space [###################### | ||
| - | :: Processing package changes... | ||
| - | ( 1/151) installing iana-etc | ||
| - | ( 2/151) installing filesystem | ||
| - | ( 3/151) installing linux-api-headers | ||
| - | ( 4/151) installing tzdata | ||
| - | ( 5/151) installing glibc | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for glibc | ||
| - | gd: for memusagestat | ||
| - | ( 6/151) installing gcc-libs | ||
| - | ( 7/151) installing ncurses | ||
| - | ( 8/151) installing readline | ||
| - | ( 9/151) installing bash [###################### | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for bash | ||
| - | bash-completion: | ||
| - | ( 10/151) installing attr [###################### | ||
| - | ( 11/151) installing acl | ||
| - | ( 12/151) installing gmp | ||
| - | ( 13/151) installing util-linux-libs | ||
| - | ( 14/151) installing e2fsprogs | ||
| - | ( 15/151) installing gdbm [###################### | ||
| - | ( 16/151) installing db [###################### | ||
| - | ( 17/151) installing libxcrypt | ||
| - | ( 18/151) installing perl [###################### | ||
| - | ( 19/151) installing openssl | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for openssl | ||
| - | ca-certificates [pending] | ||
| - | ( 20/151) installing libsasl | ||
| - | ( 21/151) installing libldap | ||
| - | ( 22/151) installing keyutils | ||
| - | ( 23/151) installing krb5 [###################### | ||
| - | ( 24/151) installing libtirpc | ||
| - | ( 25/151) installing pambase | ||
| - | ( 26/151) installing libcap-ng | ||
| - | ( 27/151) installing audit | ||
| - | ( 28/151) installing pam | ||
| - | ( 29/151) installing libcap | ||
| - | ( 30/151) installing coreutils | ||
| - | ( 31/151) installing zlib [###################### | ||
| - | ( 32/151) installing xz [###################### | ||
| - | ( 33/151) installing bzip2 | ||
| - | ( 34/151) installing libseccomp | ||
| - | ( 35/151) installing file [###################### | ||
| - | ( 36/151) installing findutils | ||
| - | ( 37/151) installing mpfr [###################### | ||
| - | ( 38/151) installing gawk [###################### | ||
| - | ( 39/151) installing pcre [###################### | ||
| - | ( 40/151) installing grep [###################### | ||
| - | ( 41/151) installing libgpg-error | ||
| - | ( 42/151) installing libgcrypt | ||
| - | ( 43/151) installing lz4 | ||
| - | ( 44/151) installing zstd [###################### | ||
| - | ( 45/151) installing systemd-libs | ||
| - | ( 46/151) installing procps-ng | ||
| - | ( 47/151) installing sed | ||
| - | ( 48/151) installing tar | ||
| - | ( 49/151) installing libffi | ||
| - | ( 50/151) installing glib2 | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for glib2 | ||
| - | python: gdbus-codegen, | ||
| - | libelf: gresource inspection tool [pending] | ||
| - | ( 51/151) installing libunistring | ||
| - | ( 52/151) installing icu | ||
| - | ( 53/151) installing libxml2 | ||
| - | ( 54/151) installing libcroco | ||
| - | ( 55/151) installing gettext | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for gettext | ||
| - | git: for autopoint infrastructure updates | ||
| - | ( 56/151) installing hwids | ||
| - | ( 57/151) installing kmod [###################### | ||
| - | ( 58/151) installing pciutils | ||
| - | ( 59/151) installing psmisc | ||
| - | ( 60/151) installing shadow | ||
| - | ( 61/151) installing util-linux | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for util-linux | ||
| - | python: python bindings to libmount | ||
| - | words: default dictionary for look | ||
| - | ( 62/151) installing less [###################### | ||
| - | ( 63/151) installing gzip [###################### | ||
| - | ( 64/151) installing licenses | ||
| - | ( 65/151) installing expat | ||
| - | ( 66/151) installing libarchive | ||
| - | ( 67/151) installing libtasn1 | ||
| - | ( 68/151) installing libp11-kit | ||
| - | ( 69/151) installing p11-kit | ||
| - | ( 70/151) installing ca-certificates-utils | ||
| - | ( 71/151) installing ca-certificates-mozilla | ||
| - | ( 72/151) installing ca-certificates | ||
| - | ( 73/151) installing libssh2 | ||
| - | ( 74/151) installing libidn2 | ||
| - | ( 75/151) installing libpsl | ||
| - | ( 76/151) installing libnghttp2 | ||
| - | ( 77/151) installing curl [###################### | ||
| - | ( 78/151) installing npth [###################### | ||
| - | ( 79/151) installing libksba | ||
| - | ( 80/151) installing libassuan | ||
| - | ( 81/151) installing libsecret | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for libsecret | ||
| - | org.freedesktop.secrets: | ||
| - | ( 82/151) installing pinentry | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for pinentry | ||
| - | gtk2: gtk2 backend | ||
| - | qt5-base: qt backend | ||
| - | gcr: gnome3 backend | ||
| - | ( 83/151) installing nettle | ||
| - | ( 84/151) installing gnutls | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for gnutls | ||
| - | guile: for use with Guile bindings [pending] | ||
| - | ( 85/151) installing sqlite | ||
| - | ( 86/151) installing gnupg | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for gnupg | ||
| - | libldap: gpg2keys_ldap [installed] | ||
| - | libusb-compat: | ||
| - | pcsclite: scdaemon | ||
| - | ( 87/151) installing gpgme | ||
| - | ( 88/151) installing pacman-mirrorlist | ||
| - | ( 89/151) installing archlinux-keyring | ||
| - | ( 90/151) installing pacman | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for pacman | ||
| - | perl-locale-gettext: | ||
| - | ( 91/151) installing device-mapper | ||
| - | ( 92/151) installing popt [###################### | ||
| - | ( 93/151) installing json-c | ||
| - | ( 94/151) installing argon2 | ||
| - | ( 95/151) installing cryptsetup | ||
| - | ( 96/151) installing dbus [###################### | ||
| - | ( 97/151) installing libmnl | ||
| - | ( 98/151) installing libnftnl | ||
| - | ( 99/151) installing libnl | ||
| - | (100/151) installing libpcap | ||
| - | (101/151) installing libnfnetlink | ||
| - | (102/151) installing libnetfilter_conntrack | ||
| - | (103/151) installing iptables | ||
| - | (104/151) installing kbd | ||
| - | (105/151) installing libelf | ||
| - | (106/151) installing pcre2 | ||
| - | (107/151) installing systemd | ||
| - | Initializing machine ID from random generator. | ||
| - | Creating group sys with gid 3. | ||
| - | Creating group mem with gid 8. | ||
| - | Creating group ftp with gid 11. | ||
| - | Creating group mail with gid 12. | ||
| - | Creating group log with gid 19. | ||
| - | Creating group smmsp with gid 25. | ||
| - | Creating group proc with gid 26. | ||
| - | Creating group games with gid 50. | ||
| - | Creating group lock with gid 54. | ||
| - | Creating group network with gid 90. | ||
| - | Creating group floppy with gid 94. | ||
| - | Creating group scanner with gid 96. | ||
| - | Creating group power with gid 98. | ||
| - | Creating group adm with gid 999. | ||
| - | Creating group wheel with gid 998. | ||
| - | Creating group kmem with gid 997. | ||
| - | Creating group tty with gid 5. | ||
| - | Creating group utmp with gid 996. | ||
| - | Creating group audio with gid 995. | ||
| - | Creating group disk with gid 994. | ||
| - | Creating group input with gid 993. | ||
| - | Creating group kvm with gid 992. | ||
| - | Creating group lp with gid 991. | ||
| - | Creating group optical with gid 990. | ||
| - | Creating group render with gid 989. | ||
| - | Creating group storage with gid 988. | ||
| - | Creating group uucp with gid 987. | ||
| - | Creating group video with gid 986. | ||
| - | Creating group users with gid 985. | ||
| - | Creating group systemd-journal with gid 984. | ||
| - | Creating group rfkill with gid 983. | ||
| - | Creating group bin with gid 1. | ||
| - | Creating user bin (n/a) with uid 1 and gid 1. | ||
| - | Creating group daemon with gid 2. | ||
| - | Creating user daemon (n/a) with uid 2 and gid 2. | ||
| - | Creating user mail (n/a) with uid 8 and gid 12. | ||
| - | Creating user ftp (n/a) with uid 14 and gid 11. | ||
| - | Creating group http with gid 33. | ||
| - | Creating user http (n/a) with uid 33 and gid 33. | ||
| - | Creating group nobody with gid 65534. | ||
| - | Creating user nobody (Nobody) with uid 65534 and gid 65534. | ||
| - | Creating group dbus with gid 81. | ||
| - | Creating user dbus (System Message Bus) with uid 81 and gid 81. | ||
| - | Creating group systemd-journal-remote with gid 982. | ||
| - | Creating user systemd-journal-remote (systemd Journal Remote) with uid 982 and gid 982. | ||
| - | Creating group systemd-network with gid 981. | ||
| - | Creating user systemd-network (systemd Network Management) with uid 981 and gid 981. | ||
| - | Creating group systemd-resolve with gid 980. | ||
| - | Creating user systemd-resolve (systemd Resolver) with uid 980 and gid 980. | ||
| - | Creating group systemd-timesync with gid 979. | ||
| - | Creating user systemd-timesync (systemd Time Synchronization) with uid 979 and gid 979. | ||
| - | Creating group systemd-coredump with gid 978. | ||
| - | Creating user systemd-coredump (systemd Core Dumper) with uid 978 and gid 978. | ||
| - | Creating group uuidd with gid 68. | ||
| - | Creating user uuidd (n/a) with uid 68 and gid 68. | ||
| - | Created symlink / | ||
| - | Created symlink / | ||
| - | :: Append ' | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for systemd | ||
| - | libmicrohttpd: | ||
| - | quota-tools: | ||
| - | systemd-sysvcompat: | ||
| - | polkit: allow administration as unprivileged user | ||
| - | curl: machinectl pull-tar and pull-raw [installed] | ||
| - | (108/151) installing systemd-sysvcompat | ||
| - | (109/151) installing iputils | ||
| - | (110/151) installing iproute2 | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for iproute2 | ||
| - | linux-atm: ATM support | ||
| - | (111/151) installing base [###################### | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for base | ||
| - | linux: bare metal support | ||
| - | (112/151) installing m4 [###################### | ||
| - | (113/151) installing diffutils | ||
| - | (114/151) installing autoconf | ||
| - | (115/151) installing automake | ||
| - | (116/151) installing libmicrohttpd | ||
| - | (117/151) installing elfutils | ||
| - | (118/151) installing binutils | ||
| - | (119/151) installing bison | ||
| - | (120/151) installing fakeroot | ||
| - | (121/151) installing flex [###################### | ||
| - | (122/151) installing libmpc | ||
| - | (123/151) installing gcc | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for gcc | ||
| - | lib32-gcc-libs: | ||
| - | (124/151) installing groff | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for groff | ||
| - | netpbm: for use together with man -H command interaction in browsers | ||
| - | psutils: for use together with man -H command interaction in browsers | ||
| - | libxaw: for gxditview | ||
| - | perl-file-homedir: | ||
| - | (125/151) installing libtool | ||
| - | (126/151) installing texinfo | ||
| - | (127/151) installing gc [###################### | ||
| - | (128/151) installing guile | ||
| - | (129/151) installing make [###################### | ||
| - | (130/151) installing patch | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for patch | ||
| - | ed: for patch -e functionality | ||
| - | (131/151) installing pkgconf | ||
| - | (132/151) installing sudo [###################### | ||
| - | (133/151) installing which | ||
| - | (134/151) installing mkinitcpio-busybox | ||
| - | (135/151) installing mkinitcpio | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for mkinitcpio | ||
| - | xz: Use lzma or xz compression for the initramfs image [installed] | ||
| - | bzip2: Use bzip2 compression for the initramfs image [installed] | ||
| - | lzop: Use lzo compression for the initramfs image | ||
| - | lz4: Use lz4 compression for the initramfs image [installed] | ||
| - | mkinitcpio-nfs-utils: | ||
| - | (136/151) installing linux-lts | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for linux-lts | ||
| - | crda: to set the correct wireless channels of your country | ||
| - | linux-firmware: | ||
| - | (137/151) installing linux-firmware | ||
| - | (138/151) installing libaio | ||
| - | (139/151) installing thin-provisioning-tools | ||
| - | (140/151) installing lvm2 [###################### | ||
| - | (141/151) installing libedit | ||
| - | (142/151) installing dnssec-anchors | ||
| - | (143/151) installing ldns [###################### | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for ldns | ||
| - | libpcap: ldns-dpa tool [installed] | ||
| - | (144/151) installing openssh | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for openssh | ||
| - | xorg-xauth: X11 forwarding | ||
| - | x11-ssh-askpass: | ||
| - | libfido2: FIDO/U2F support | ||
| - | (145/151) installing sshpass | ||
| - | (146/151) installing vi [###################### | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for vi | ||
| - | s-nail: used by the preserve command for notification | ||
| - | (147/151) installing vim-runtime | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for vim-runtime | ||
| - | sh: support for some tools and macros [installed] | ||
| - | python: demoserver example tool | ||
| - | gawk: mve tools upport [installed] | ||
| - | (148/151) installing gpm | ||
| - | (149/151) installing vim | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for vim | ||
| - | python2: Python 2 language support | ||
| - | python: Python 3 language support | ||
| - | ruby: Ruby language support | ||
| - | lua: Lua language support | ||
| - | perl: Perl language support [installed] | ||
| - | tcl: Tcl language support | ||
| - | (150/151) installing lzo | ||
| - | (151/151) installing btrfs-progs | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for btrfs-progs | ||
| - | python: libbtrfsutil python bindings | ||
| - | e2fsprogs: btrfs-convert [installed] | ||
| - | reiserfsprogs: | ||
| - | :: Running post-transaction hooks... | ||
| - | ( 1/14) Creating system user accounts... | ||
| - | ( 2/14) Updating journal message catalog... | ||
| - | ( 3/14) Reloading system manager configuration... | ||
| - | Running in chroot, ignoring command ' | ||
| - | ( 4/14) Updating udev hardware database... | ||
| - | ( 5/14) Applying kernel sysctl settings... | ||
| - | Not setting net/ | ||
| - | Not setting net/ | ||
| - | Not setting net/ | ||
| - | Not setting net/ | ||
| - | Not setting net/ | ||
| - | Not setting net/ | ||
| - | ( 6/14) Creating temporary files... | ||
| - | ( 7/14) Reloading device manager configuration... | ||
| - | Running in chroot, ignoring request. | ||
| - | ( 8/14) Arming ConditionNeedsUpdate... | ||
| - | ( 9/14) Rebuilding certificate stores... | ||
| - | (10/14) Updating module dependencies... | ||
| - | (11/14) Updating linux initcpios... | ||
| - | ==> Building image from preset: / | ||
| - | -> -k / | ||
| - | ==> Starting build: 5.4.81-1-lts | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [base] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [udev] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [autodetect] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [modconf] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [block] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [filesystems] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [keyboard] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [fsck] | ||
| - | ==> Generating module dependencies | ||
| - | ==> Creating gzip-compressed initcpio image: / | ||
| - | ==> Image generation successful | ||
| - | ==> Building image from preset: / | ||
| - | -> -k / | ||
| - | ==> Starting build: 5.4.81-1-lts | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [base] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [udev] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [modconf] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [block] | ||
| - | ==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: aic94xx | ||
| - | ==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: wd719x | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [filesystems] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [keyboard] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [fsck] | ||
| - | ==> Generating module dependencies | ||
| - | ==> Creating gzip-compressed initcpio image: / | ||
| - | ==> Image generation successful | ||
| - | (12/14) Reloading system bus configuration... | ||
| - | Running in chroot, ignoring command ' | ||
| - | (13/14) Warn about old perl modules | ||
| - | perl: warning: Setting locale failed. | ||
| - | perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: | ||
| - | LANGUAGE = (unset), | ||
| - | LC_ALL = (unset), | ||
| - | LC_MESSAGES = "", | ||
| - | LANG = " | ||
| - | are supported and installed on your system. | ||
| - | perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale (" | ||
| - | (14/14) Updating the info directory file... | ||
| - | pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux-lts linux-firmware lvm2 openssh sshpass v 21.36s user 7.43s system 45% cpu 1:03.84 total | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | In den **Mount-Point** | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | werden nachfolgende Paketgruppen bzw. Pakete | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | * **'' | ||
| - | installiert. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Optional, aber **__dringend empfohlen__**, | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== /etc/fstab erstellen ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgender Befehl erzeugt die Konfigurationsdatei **''/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # genfstab -Up /mnt > / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Der so erzeugte Inhalt, kann mit nachfolgendem Befehl überprüft werden und sollte eine Ausgabe wie die nachfolgende zum Vorschein bringen: | ||
| - | <code ini> | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # cat / | ||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=1c250bce-9e86-4d82-b921-3eca687f8403 / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=9c21c98c-57ea-4b0d-9064-4584393cc97f / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=85d0ca9b-def5-4478-9f75-ce20b121a49d / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=3aca2eca-ab55-4655-a844-cac43f8fea6a / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=24b7d52d-ba82-4173-b730-daca60f076e8 / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=1c250bce-9e86-4d82-b921-3eca687f8403 / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=1c250bce-9e86-4d82-b921-3eca687f8403 / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=1c250bce-9e86-4d82-b921-3eca687f8403 / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=1c250bce-9e86-4d82-b921-3eca687f8403 / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=1c250bce-9e86-4d82-b921-3eca687f8403 / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=b76e9dd3-ffc3-483d-8e2b-fd397bf7c4a8 none | ||
| - | |||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **WICHTIG** - **Nachfolgende Änderungen sind durchzuführen, | ||
| - | |||
| - | **__Änderungen__** | ||
| - | |||
| - | - Entfernen der '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | |||
| - | Anschließend sollte die ''/ | ||
| - | <code ini> | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # cat / | ||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=1c250bce-9e86-4d82-b921-3eca687f8403 / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=9c21c98c-57ea-4b0d-9064-4584393cc97f / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=85d0ca9b-def5-4478-9f75-ce20b121a49d / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=3aca2eca-ab55-4655-a844-cac43f8fea6a / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=24b7d52d-ba82-4173-b730-daca60f076e8 / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=1c250bce-9e86-4d82-b921-3eca687f8403 / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=1c250bce-9e86-4d82-b921-3eca687f8403 / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=1c250bce-9e86-4d82-b921-3eca687f8403 / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=1c250bce-9e86-4d82-b921-3eca687f8403 / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=1c250bce-9e86-4d82-b921-3eca687f8403 / | ||
| - | |||
| - | # / | ||
| - | UUID=b76e9dd3-ffc3-483d-8e2b-fd397bf7c4a8 none | ||
| - | |||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== arch-chroot /mnt ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Jetzt ist es an der Zeit, **in das installierte System zu wechseln** und weitere Konfigurationen vorzunehmen, | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # arch-chroot /mnt/ | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **WICHTIG** - **Der '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgender Befehl setzt den **Hostnamen** für den Server: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | # echo archlinux > / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgender Befehl setzt die Systemsprache auf **English-US Ausprägung UTF-8** | ||
| - | |||
| - | (Für **Deutsch-DE Ausprägung UTF-8**, __wäre__ '' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | # echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Veränderungen der Konfigurationsdatei ''/ | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | setzen die erweiterten Systemsprachenspezifikation auf **English-US Ausprägung UTF-8** durch **ein kommentieren** der entsprechenden Systemsprache. | ||
| - | |||
| - | (Für **Deutsch-DE Ausprägung UTF-8** wäre | ||
| - | * ''# | ||
| - | * ''# | ||
| - | * ''# | ||
| - | **einzukommentieren**) | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgend soll die Konfigurationsdatei mit dem Text-Editor '' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# vim / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgender Befehl gibt zur Kontrolle, nur die ein kommentieren Zeilen der Konfigurationsdatei ''/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# egrep -v ' | ||
| - | en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 | ||
| - | en_US ISO-8859-1 | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Der abschließende Befehl setzt die Konfiguration dann im System um: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# locale-gen | ||
| - | Generating locales... | ||
| - | en_US.UTF-8... done | ||
| - | en_US.ISO-8859-1... done | ||
| - | Generation complete. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Befehle legen das **Tastaturlayout**: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# echo KEYMAP=de-latin1-nodeadkeys > / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | und die **Schriftart der '' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# echo FONT=lat9w-16 >> / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgender Befehl legt einen Verweis (Link) auf die zu verwendende **Zeitzone**, | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# ln -sf / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== /etc/hosts ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Befehle erstellen die Konfigurationsdatei ''/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# echo -e '#< | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# echo -e ' | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# echo -e ':: | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **HINWEIS** - Eine Ausrichtung der einzelnen Zeilen **__muss__** ebenfalls durch Verwendung des Texteditors '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgend soll die Konfigurationsdatei mit dem Text-Editor '' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# vim /etc/hosts | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Der Inhalt der Konfigurationsdatei ''/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# cat /etc/hosts | ||
| - | # Static table lookup for hostnames. | ||
| - | # See hosts(5) for details. | ||
| - | |||
| - | #< | ||
| - | 127.0.0.1 | ||
| - | ::1 | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== / | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **HINWEIS** - **Der Namensserver aus dem LIVE-System sollte bereits vorhanden sein!** | ||
| - | |||
| - | Zuerst sollte die Konfigurationsdatei ''/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# cat / | ||
| - | # Resolver configuration file. | ||
| - | # See resolv.conf(5) for details. | ||
| - | nameserver 192.168.1.20 | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | In der Konfigurationsdatei **''/ | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: HINWEIS - Die Wiederholung des Befehls mit weiteren Namensservern erweitert die Datei entsprechend! | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# echo ' | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== / | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgende Ergänzung in der Konfigurationsdatei | ||
| - | * **''/ | ||
| - | **__muss__** zwingend durchgeführt werden. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Zuerst soll aber eine **Sicherungskopie** der Konfigurationsdatei ''/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# cp -a / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Anschließend muss das Laden des systembedingten, | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# vim / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | (**Nur relevanter Ausschnitt**) | ||
| - | |||
| - | **__VORHER: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | BINARIES() | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | bzw. | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block filesystems keyboard fsck) | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | **__NACHHER: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | # Tachtler | ||
| - | # default: BINARIES() | ||
| - | BINARIES(/ | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | bzw. | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | # Tachtler | ||
| - | # default: HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block filesystems keyboard fsck) | ||
| - | HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block lvm2 btrfs filesystems keymap keyboard) | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | **__Erklärungen__** | ||
| - | |||
| - | * < | ||
| - | |||
| - | Wenn es nach einem Neustart Probleme beim Neustart geben sollte, würden damit die '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | * < | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgend wurde die **HOOK**s | ||
| - | - '' | ||
| - | - '' | ||
| - | - '' | ||
| - | hinzugefügt und dafür am Ende der Zeile der **HOOK**: | ||
| - | - '' | ||
| - | entfernt. | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **WICHTIG** - **Das hinzufügen des HOOKs '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **WICHTIG** - **Das hinzufügen des HOOKs '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **HINWEIS** - **Das hinzufügen des HOOKs '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **HINWEIS** - **Bei den verwendeten Dateisystemen, | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== initramfs: mkinitcpio ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Durch den nachfolgenden Befehl wird die **initramfs**-Erstellung durchgeführt: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# mkinitcpio -p linux-lts | ||
| - | ==> Building image from preset: / | ||
| - | -> -k / | ||
| - | ==> Starting build: 5.4.81-1-lts | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [base] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [udev] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [autodetect] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [modconf] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [block] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [lvm2] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [btrfs] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [filesystems] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [keymap] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [keyboard] | ||
| - | ==> Generating module dependencies | ||
| - | ==> Creating gzip-compressed initcpio image: / | ||
| - | ==> Image generation successful | ||
| - | ==> Building image from preset: / | ||
| - | -> -k / | ||
| - | ==> Starting build: 5.4.81-1-lts | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [base] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [udev] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [modconf] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [block] | ||
| - | ==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: aic94xx | ||
| - | ==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: wd719x | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [lvm2] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [btrfs] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [filesystems] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [keymap] | ||
| - | -> Running build hook: [keyboard] | ||
| - | ==> Generating module dependencies | ||
| - | ==> Creating gzip-compressed initcpio image: / | ||
| - | ==> Image generation successful | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Bootloader: GRUB ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Zum Start des Servers ist ein sogenannter **" | ||
| - | * **GRUB** | ||
| - | installiert werden, was mit nachfolgendem Befehl durchgeführt werden soll: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# pacman -S --noconfirm grub | ||
| - | resolving dependencies... | ||
| - | looking for conflicting packages... | ||
| - | |||
| - | Packages (1) grub-2: | ||
| - | |||
| - | Total Download Size: 6.74 MiB | ||
| - | Total Installed Size: 32.91 MiB | ||
| - | |||
| - | :: Proceed with installation? | ||
| - | :: Retrieving packages... | ||
| - | | ||
| - | (1/1) checking keys in keyring | ||
| - | (1/1) checking package integrity | ||
| - | (1/1) loading package files [###################### | ||
| - | (1/1) checking for file conflicts | ||
| - | (1/1) checking available disk space [###################### | ||
| - | :: Processing package changes... | ||
| - | (1/1) installing grub [###################### | ||
| - | Generate your bootloader configuration with: | ||
| - | grub-mkconfig -o / | ||
| - | Optional dependencies for grub | ||
| - | freetype2: For grub-mkfont usage | ||
| - | fuse2: For grub-mount usage | ||
| - | dosfstools: For grub-mkrescue FAT FS and EFI support | ||
| - | efibootmgr: For grub-install EFI support | ||
| - | libisoburn: Provides xorriso for generating grub rescue iso using | ||
| - | grub-mkrescue | ||
| - | os-prober: To detect other OSes when generating grub.cfg in BIOS systems | ||
| - | mtools: For grub-mkrescue FAT FS support | ||
| - | :: Running post-transaction hooks... | ||
| - | (1/2) Arming ConditionNeedsUpdate... | ||
| - | (2/2) Updating the info directory file... | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Anschließend ist die Konfiguration von **GRUB** für das Starten von der **Festplatte** einzurichten, | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# grub-install /dev/vda | ||
| - | Installing for i386-pc platform. | ||
| - | Installation finished. No error reported. | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **HINWEIS** - **Falls beim starten und herunterfahren eine Ausgabe der gestarteten bzw. beendeten Dienste/ | ||
| - | * **''/ | ||
| - | **wie nachfolgend dargestellt geändert werden:** | ||
| - | |||
| - | Die Konfiguratiosndatei ''/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# vim / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | (**Nur relevanter Ausschnitt**: | ||
| - | |||
| - | __**Vorher**__: | ||
| - | <code bash> | ||
| - | # GRUB boot loader configuration | ||
| - | |||
| - | GRUB_DEFAULT=0 | ||
| - | GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 | ||
| - | GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=" | ||
| - | GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=" | ||
| - | GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" | ||
| - | |||
| - | # Preload both GPT and MBR modules so that they are not missed | ||
| - | GRUB_PRELOAD_MODULES=" | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | __**Nachher**__ | ||
| - | <code bash> | ||
| - | # GRUB boot loader configuration | ||
| - | |||
| - | GRUB_DEFAULT=0 | ||
| - | GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 | ||
| - | GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=" | ||
| - | # Tachtler | ||
| - | # default: GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=" | ||
| - | GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=" | ||
| - | GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" | ||
| - | |||
| - | # Preload both GPT and MBR modules so that they are not missed | ||
| - | # Tachtler | ||
| - | # default: GRUB_PRELOAD_MODULES=" | ||
| - | GRUB_PRELOAD_MODULES=" | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | **__Erklärung: | ||
| - | |||
| - | * < | ||
| - | |||
| - | Damit Meldungen des '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | * < | ||
| - | |||
| - | Am Ende der Konfigurationszeile wurde das **Modul** - '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Abschließend muss noch die **GRUB**-Konfiguration generiert werden, was mit nachfolgendem Befehl durchgeführt werden kann: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# grub-mkconfig -o / | ||
| - | Generating grub configuration file ... | ||
| - | Found linux image: / | ||
| - | Found initrd image: / | ||
| - | Found fallback initrd image(s) in /boot: initramfs-linux-lts-fallback.img | ||
| - | done | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Passwort: root ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Es ist sinnvoll, dass der Benutzer **'' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# passwd | ||
| - | New password: | ||
| - | Retype new password: | ||
| - | passwd: password updated successfully | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Das Passwort ist in der '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Neustart ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Wenn alle Konfigurationen durchgeführt sind, kann nun das installierte [[https:// | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# exit | ||
| - | exit | ||
| - | arch-chroot /mnt/ 12.77s user 2.38s system 0% cpu 43:41.38 total | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **WICHTIG** - **Der '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Der eigentliche **Neustart** wird dann mit nachfolgendem Befehl durchgeführt: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # systemctl reboot | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nach erfolgreichem Neustart, sollte nachfolgender **" | ||
| - | |||
| - | {{: | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nach erfolgreichem **" | ||
| - | |||
| - | {{: | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Hinweise ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nach dem erfolgreichen ersten Start des Servers sind die folgenden Gegebenheiten zu beachten: | ||
| - | - Es gibt **__KEINE__** Benutzer die sich anmelden können, **ausser** der Benutzer **'' | ||
| - | - Es steht **__KEINE__** Netzwerkanbindung zur Verfügung! | ||
| - | - Es stehen **__KEINE__** Dienste/ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Inbetriebnahme ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Um [[https:// | ||
| - | |||
| - | - Konfiguration einer **Netzwerkkarte** unter Verwendung und Start durch '' | ||
| - | - Konfiguration und Start des **SSH**-Dienstes/ | ||
| - | - Zugriff **__vorübergehend__** durch den Benutzer **'' | ||
| - | - Komfortkonfiguration für den Benutzer für die Verwendung der '' | ||
| - | - '' | ||
| - | - '' | ||
| - | - '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== Netzwerk: systemd ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Damit beim Start oder Neustart des Servers gleich eine Netzwerkverbindung mit gestartet wird, soll das sich bereits auf dem Server befindliche '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Dazu ist es erfordelrich, | ||
| - | |||
| - | Dazu soll zuerst mit nachfolgendem Befehl ermittelt werden, welche Netwzerkkarten auf dem Server vorhanden sind und welche Bezeichnung diese haben: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# ip a | ||
| - | 1: lo: < | ||
| - | link/ | ||
| - | inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo | ||
| - | | ||
| - | inet6 ::1/128 scope host | ||
| - | | ||
| - | 2: eth0: < | ||
| - | link/ether 52: | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | * //Hier ist nur **eine** Netzwerkkarte mit der Bezeichnung **'' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Zur Konfiguration der Netzwerkkarte mit der Bezeichnung '' | ||
| - | * **''/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# vim / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Der Inhalt der Konfigurationsdatei könnte dann wie folgt aussehen: | ||
| - | <code ini> | ||
| - | [Match] | ||
| - | Name=eth0 | ||
| - | |||
| - | [Network] | ||
| - | Address=192.168.1.250/ | ||
| - | Gateway=192.168.1.1 | ||
| - | DNS=192.168.122.1 | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | oder auch inklusive **ipv6** Adressen: | ||
| - | |||
| - | <code ini> | ||
| - | [Match] | ||
| - | Name=eth0 | ||
| - | |||
| - | [Network] | ||
| - | Address=192.168.1.250/ | ||
| - | Gateway=192.168.1.1 | ||
| - | DNS=192.168.1.1 | ||
| - | |||
| - | Address=fd00:: | ||
| - | Gateway=fd00:: | ||
| - | DNS=fd00::1 | ||
| - | |||
| - | Address=fe80:: | ||
| - | LinkLocalAddressing=no | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **HINWEIS** - In der **ipv6**-Konfiguration wurde das **__automatische__** beziehen einer ipv6-Adresse für die **LinkLocal**-Adresse deaktiviert, | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **HINWEIS** - Bein Befehl '' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# ping -c 3 fe80:: | ||
| - | PING fe80:: | ||
| - | 64 bytes from fe80:: | ||
| - | 64 bytes from fe80:: | ||
| - | 64 bytes from fe80:: | ||
| - | |||
| - | --- fe80:: | ||
| - | 3 packets transmitted, | ||
| - | rtt min/ | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Anschließend sollte noch mit nachfolgendem Befehl überprüft werden, ob eine anderer Dienst/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep netctl | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | und | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep dhcpcd | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **HINWEIS** - Falls hier ein Treffer erzielt wird, sollte der Dienst/ | ||
| - | - **gestoppt** | ||
| - | - **deaktiviert** | ||
| - | werden, was mit nachfolgenden Befehlen erfolgen kann: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# systemctl stop netctl@eth0.service | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | und | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# systemctl disable netctl@eth0.service | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | bzw. | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# systemctl stop dhcpcd.service | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | und | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# systemctl disable dhcpcd.service | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Damit nun der '' | ||
| - | - **aktiviert** | ||
| - | - **gestartet** | ||
| - | wird, was mit nachfolgenden Befehlen durchgeführt werden kann: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# systemctl enable systemd-networkd.service | ||
| - | Created symlink / | ||
| - | Created symlink / | ||
| - | Created symlink / | ||
| - | Created symlink / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | und | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# systemctl start systemd-networkd.service | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Ein Überprüfung, | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# ip a | ||
| - | 1: lo: < | ||
| - | link/ | ||
| - | inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo | ||
| - | | ||
| - | inet6 ::1/128 scope host | ||
| - | | ||
| - | 2: eth0: < | ||
| - | link/ether 52: | ||
| - | inet 192.168.1.250/ | ||
| - | | ||
| - | inet6 fe80:: | ||
| - | | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Eine Überprüfung mit nachfolgendem Befehl zeigt die aktuellen Routen, inklusive der **'' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # ip ro | ||
| - | default via 192.168.1.10 dev ens3 | ||
| - | 192.168.1.0/ | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Zuerst sollte die Konfigurationsdatei ''/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# cat / | ||
| - | # Resolver configuration file. | ||
| - | # See resolv.conf(5) for details. | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | In der Konfigurationsdatei **''/ | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: HINWEIS - Die Wiederholung des Befehls mit weiteren Namensservern erweitert die Datei entsprechend! | ||
| - | |||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archiso /]# echo ' | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== SSH-Dienst/ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Um den **SSH**-Dienst/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# systemctl enable sshd.service | ||
| - | Created symlink / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Eine Überprüfung, | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# systemctl list-unit-files --type=service | grep -E ^sshd | ||
| - | sshd.service | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | bzw. | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# systemctl is-enabled sshd.service | ||
| - | enabled | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Abschließend soll noch die **Anmeldung via Passwort** - **__vorübergehend__** während der Konfigurationsphase aktiviert werden. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Dazu soll mit nachfolgendem Befehl eine Sicherungskopie der originalen Konfigurationsdatei | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | mit dem Namen | ||
| - | * ''/ | ||
| - | ersteltl werden: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# cp -a / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Anschließend soll nachfolgende Konfiguration in der Konfigurationsdatei ''/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# vim / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | (**Nur relevanter Ausschnitt**: | ||
| - | <code bash> | ||
| - | PasswordAuthentication yes | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | (**Nur relevanter Ausschnitt**: | ||
| - | <code bash> | ||
| - | PermitRootLogin yes | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Abschließend kann der **SSH**-Dienst/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# systemctl start sshd.service | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Eine Überprüfung ob der **SSH**-Dienst/ | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | root@archiso ~ # systemctl status sshd.service | ||
| - | ● sshd.service - OpenSSH Daemon | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | Main PID: 775 (sshd) | ||
| - | Tasks: 1 (limit: 2330) | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | | ||
| - | |||
| - | Dec 29 11:43:56 archiso systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH Daemon. | ||
| - | Dec 29 11:43:56 archiso sshd[775]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 22. | ||
| - | Dec 29 11:43:56 archiso sshd[775]: Server listening on :: port 22. | ||
| - | |||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Dann kann noch einmal die IP-Adresse des Servers in Erfahrung gebracht werden, damit eine Verbindung zum Server hergestellt werden kann. Dies kann durch Ausführung des nachfolgenden Befehls erfolgen: | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# ip a | ||
| - | 1: lo: < | ||
| - | link/ | ||
| - | inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo | ||
| - | | ||
| - | inet6 ::1/128 scope host | ||
| - | | ||
| - | 2: eth0: < | ||
| - | link/ether 52: | ||
| - | inet 192.168.1.250/ | ||
| - | | ||
| - | inet6 fe80:: | ||
| - | | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **BEISPIEL** - Die IP-Adresse des Servers aus oben genanntem Beispiel wäre hier: **'' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Jetzt kann eine erste Verbindung als Benutzer **'' | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | $ ssh root@192.168.1.250 | ||
| - | The authenticity of host ' | ||
| - | ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256: | ||
| - | ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5: | ||
| - | Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes | ||
| - | Warning: Permanently added ' | ||
| - | root@192.168.1.250' | ||
| - | Last login: Fri Jan 10 13:43:16 2020 | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== ~/ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Damit die Konfigurationsdatei **'' | ||
| - | * **'' | ||
| - | **falls nicht schon vorhanden**, | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# cp -a / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Der Inhalt der Konfigurationsdatei sollte in etwa wie folgt aussehen und kann mit nachfolgendem Befehl zur Anzeige gebracht werden: | ||
| - | <code bash> | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# cat ~/ | ||
| - | # | ||
| - | # ~/ | ||
| - | # | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== ~/ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Damit die Konfigurationsdatei **'' | ||
| - | * **'' | ||
| - | **falls nicht schon vorhanden**, | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# cp -a / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Der Inhalt der Konfigurationsdatei sollte in etwa wie folgt aussehen und kann mit nachfolgendem Befehl zur Anzeige gebracht werden: | ||
| - | <code bash> | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# cat ~/ | ||
| - | # | ||
| - | # ~/ | ||
| - | # | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[ -f ~/.bashrc ]] && . ~/.bashrc | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== ~/.bashrc ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Wer z.B. Nutzer von [[https:// | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | ist. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Um sicher zu stellen, dass die Konfigurationsdatei | ||
| - | * **'' | ||
| - | auch vorhanden ist, ist diese, **falls nicht schon vorhanden**, | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# cp -a / | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Der Inhalt der Konfigurationsdatei sollte in etwa wie folgt aussehen und kann mit nachfolgendem Befehl zur Anzeige gebracht werden: | ||
| - | <code bash> | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# cat ~/.bashrc | ||
| - | # | ||
| - | # ~/.bashrc | ||
| - | # | ||
| - | |||
| - | # If not running interactively, | ||
| - | [[ $- != *i* ]] && return | ||
| - | |||
| - | alias ls='ls --color=auto' | ||
| - | PS1=' | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | Um auf diesen " | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Der Inhalt, welcher hier an z.B. [[https:// | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# vim ~/.bashrc | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | <code bash> | ||
| - | # | ||
| - | # ~/.bashrc | ||
| - | # | ||
| - | |||
| - | # If not running interactively, | ||
| - | [[ $- != *i* ]] && return | ||
| - | |||
| - | # Tachtler | ||
| - | # default: alias ls='ls --color=auto' | ||
| - | #alias ls='ls --color=auto' | ||
| - | PS1=' | ||
| - | |||
| - | # Tachtler - NEW - | ||
| - | alias ll='ls -l --color=auto' | ||
| - | alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto' | ||
| - | alias ls='ls --color=auto' | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | :!: **HINWEIS** - Nach der **Beendigung** z.B. eines '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==== ~/.vimrc ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Wer z.B. Nutzer von [[https:// | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | erfordern. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Um auf diesen " | ||
| - | * '' | ||
| - | |||
| - | Der Inhalt, welcher hier an z.B. [[https:// | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | [root@archlinux ~]# vim ~/.vimrc | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | <code bash> | ||
| - | syntax on | ||
| - | |||
| - | set mouse-=a | ||
| - | set tabstop=4 | ||
| - | </ | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===== Snapshots mit: snapper ===== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Nachfolgender interner Link führt zur Installation und Konfiguration von [[http:// | ||
| - | * **[[tachtler: | ||
tachtler/archlinux_-_minimal_server_installation_-_mit_lvm_und_btrfs.1607485374.txt.gz · Zuletzt geändert: 2020/12/09 04:42 von klaus